HARDDISK

Program HDDL is intended for a study,  diagnostics and the repair of storages on the hard magnetic disks with
IDE- interface (further called customary word "screw"). Program is written in accordance with standard Ata-6 and does not
include a number of possibilities,  accepted in this standard by those become obsolete - for example, the work
with the screw in LccHS- addressing.

Program allows:
- to carry out the search for the residue and dolgochitayushchikhsya units on the disk, i, in certain cases, the restorationthe replacement of such units.
- to construct the timetable of the verification of the sectors of disk in LBA- mode, which makes it possible to visually estimate the quality of the surface of disk.
- to change the configurative setups of screw - mode of operation of kesha, limit LBA, the level of noise and t.d.
- to govern the password protection of the screw
- to load into the screw the external micro-code, for example, for the renovation of microprogram.
- to examine attributes SMART, the periodicals of errors and tests, and to also start SMART- diagnostics.
- to examine and to edit contents of the sectors of the disk
- to work with IDE- registers of screw - to send instructions, to read results, to be exchanged with the screw the units of data and t.d.

The latter possibility is intended, in essence, for the researchers and the experimenters,  since in this mode it is possible to work, also, with the
supers-command of screws (besides quantum). Remaining possibilities are calculated for the wide circle of users
and,  in particular,  on those, who actively uses for diagnostics of screws utility HDDSpeed, since this program works in LBA- mode directly with the ports of screw
and does not have limitations in 8 Gb. It would be possible to name this program Hddspeed-4 but name hddspeed
narrower reserved by one sheriff of Sherwood,
true, reserved completely without the benefit.

     Program works on any IBM- compatible computer with processor i386 and
it is above.  Program can work as in the clean pill box,
so in its emulators of different operating systems. Single
limitation - the function of graphing of verification cannot be
neglected under Windows. Furthermore, the program is necessary of shchy2K of extended storage (XMS) for
positioning the buffer of exchange with the disk. If XMS is inaccessible,
that the operations of the exchange with the disk of the units of data
will be inaccessible.
     With the work on by the systems of class M$ Windows 9x, it is necessary with the aid of the control panel to open controller, to which is connected the screw being investigated.  Otherwise the system will not give direct access to program to IDE-
ports of screw.  In system OS/2 it is necessary, in order to in file CONFIG.SYS
there was line IOPL=.YES,  which permits access DOS- programs to the apparatus ports of system.

Program is thus far even damp and is glyuchnaya, i, apparently, it contains the mass of errors.
Subsequently to the same ftp://195.209.232.10 will be laid out the
following versions of program. Do not forget to sometimes glance there.


                   2. Kopirayty, the limitation of itd.

     Since no one reads these thing, let us pass them and will go further.

                   3. Starting of program.

        Command line takes the form:

> HDDL x ini

x - one of the letters:
  f - screw will hang on Primary IDE (0x1f0) p - screw it will hang on
controller Pc-3000 (0x100) any other letter or generally nothing -
screw will hang on Secondary IDE

ini - the name of file with the setups of the predetermined
instructions (see the description
work with window IDE- registers). On default - default.ini.
      If file with this name is absent from the catalog with the program,
      that it is created automatically. You will focus attention, that with the use of this parameter it is necessary to indicate in the
command line and the first parameter, i.e., letter, determining utilized IDE- controller.

Common for such type of programs working desk will appear after
starting on the screen.  In the upper part of the screen is a principal menu, access to which can be obtained by key F10. Below screen is located the line of state having the following form:

|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\\\\\\
170h M   BSY RDY DWF DSC DRQ COR INX ERR   |   BBK UNC 0 IDNF 0 ABRT T0NF AMNF

On the left side of the line the base address IDE- controller shows, on
which is located the screw being investigated, and also letter, showing, what
from the devices is selected (M - master, or S - slave). Then goes bit-by-bit contents of the register of state (1x7) and
register of errors (1x1). Zero
bits show by dark-blue color, single - red (in the register of errors) and green (in the register of
state).  Program dynamically tracks contents the registers indicated.  The description of the sense of single bits it is possible to find in
ATA- standard and heap of others dock, to here give its 4 I will not be.

     All useful for function programs are started through the principal
menu.
Their comprehensive description further follows.


                        4. Menu "file".

        In this menu there are following points:

- "to select the file of configuration", intended for the installation of the new file of configuration. Its description is given in the section,
  describing the window of registers.
- "about the program"
- "output"

Last 2 points the commentary do not require.

该软件由两栖先生汉化，需在DOS下配合UCDOS使用。

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-9 at 10:57 ]

HARDDISK

5. Menu "screw"

        In this menu there are following points:

- the "selection of interface"
- "passport"
- the "window of registers" (it is described in the appropriate section further)
- the "editing of sectors"
- "loading of the micro-code"
- the "stop of spindle"
- "program reset"


                       5.1 selection of the interface

     It makes it possible to indicate to program,   to kaomu intefeysu is connected the screw being investigated.  Are possible 3 values - Primary, Secondary and Pc-3000.
The first two interfaces are located practically in all computers
(their base addresses 1F0h and 170h respectively). Interface Pc-3000 is necessary only to those,
in whom there is the appropriate card (trying Pc-3000 or new Pc-3000
pro). Base address of port - 100h.
     Furthermore,  it is possible to indicate the type of device - Master or Slave.
One should consider, that in the window of registers the type of device is ignored.

                       5.2 Drive Information.

     Is removed basic information from the unit of the identification of
screw,
returned on ATA- instruction identify (ECh). As is known, 512- byte unit returns on this instruction, large part of which is for us of no interest.  In this case from entire unit it is selected the most useful fields.
Window is opened, having the approximately following form:


      ------------ Passport of the screw of----------1-[]-+
                                                               
     Model:                     WDC AC22000L            
     Version:                   32.41N37                          
     Serial No.:                WD-WM0000000000              
      Number of Sectors CHS:     3907008                       
      Number of Sectors LBA:     3907008                       
                                                         
       * ??????? ????????? CHS:                              
                                                            
     No Cylinders:              3876                        
    No Heads:                  16                        
    No Sectors:                63                           
    Limit LBA:                 Not Supported               
    Level of Noise:            Not Supported            
     Password Protection:       Not Supported               
                                                            
      +---------------------------------------------------------+
By current parameters CHS are understood the parameters, established
by the last instruction Initialize drive parameters (91h) or selected
with screw automatically with the starting.
        Window can be shut with button ESC.


                       5.3 loading of the micro-code.

     Instruction is intended for the loading into the screw of the external
micro-code with the aid of instruction Download Microcode (92h). For the loading it is necessary to have special file - loader
(loader), moreover this loader must be intended for the loading precisely into
this screw. An attempt at the loading into the screw of strange loadera can be
finished than conveniently - from the abortion of instruction to the
complete spoiling of sluzhebki.  So that you look attentively, what of loader you load.
With the call of instruction this window is opened:

     Loading the micro-code -------------      
                              
     File: __________________________     Browse_     

                [X] Only into the Storage                        

                       OK   _    Cancel _                     
In the field "file" it is necessary to enter the name of file- loader
- or by hands,
or with the aid of the instruction "Browse",  opening the standard dialog box of the selection of file.  Flag "only into the storage" is determined, where will be placed the loaded micro-code - only in RAM screw, or also into the utility region on the disk. One should consider, what interpretation of this flag depends on concrete screw - for
example,  this flag must be compulsorily taken for IBM.
     The process of loading begins after pushing of knob OK, and monitor window with the counter of the already loaded units is
reflected on the screen.
     In this version of program is provided loading loaderov by size to
65536 units (e2K).  Previous version,  and also the majority of other programs of such type, including kvantumovskiye utilities from package PC3000,
they have a limitation to the length of loadera into 255 sectors.


                       5.4 stop of spindle.

     Is carried out the cessation of the gyration of disk with the aid of
instruction Idle Immediate (E0h).   It can be usefully,  for example,  for executing the diverse variants hot-swap (type of the transfer of
board from the jar to the jar without turning off of nourishment).  It is necessary to note,  that hot-swap - this is very dangerous procedure,  and to resort to it it is better only in the very limiting cases.

                       5.5. Program reset.

     Sends to screw signal Reset, which, in principle, it must interrupt the execution of the current instruction.  True, this occurs far from always - frequently cases occur, when screw departs to itself and reacts not to what interactions from
the side of interface.
     If screw is connected to controller Pc-3000, that instead of the program reset is carried out apparatus reset (IDE
Reset), because of possibility (reset through register 10A) placed into this
controller. But even this reset does not always help.

                     5.6. Editing of sectors.

     This function is intended for survey and changing the sectors of data
of disk. After its call on screen interactive panel is placed, allowing
to introduce LBA the edited sector. Then is opened strictly the window of editing. It is the most ordinary editor of dumps,
to all customary and not requiring special commentaries. Button TAB transfers cursor from HEX- window in ASCII and vice versa. Button F2 writes the made changes to the disk, and F4 - undoes changes, giving sector to the initial form. F5 it makes it possible to pass to the editing of sector with the the
drkgim LBA. ESC it shuts window and completes the procedure of editing.

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-6 at 06:24 ]

HARDDISK

6. Menu "tests".

     In this menu the means of diagnostics of screws are assembled. It has the following points:

- internal diagnostics
- the recording of the sectors
- the rapid recording
- the verification of the sectors
- the rate of verification in LBA.

                        6.1. Internal diagnostics

     It starts the internal diagnostic procedure of screw with the aid of
instruction Drive Diagnostic (90h). The result of executing the instruction is represented at the end of
diagnostics.  One should consider, that many up-to-date screws very strangely master this instruction. For example, the "error of diagram ECC" can appear as a result of disturbance of
one of the modules of sluzhebki.

                        6.2 recording of the sectors

     The sequential recording of the group of sectors in LBA- mode is
carried out with special pattern.  This can be usefully for the forced concealment of defective units
(with that switch oned Auto Write reassign),
study of the work of translator and for many other purposes. Screws, not
knowing how to work in LBA- mode,  by this procedure cannot be prescribed - use HDDSPEED.

The window is opened upon command:
                                 Recording of sectors in LBA

                  Direction:                      Step:               
                 () forward                    ( ) 1 sector      
                 ( ) backward                  () 256 ectors      
  Starting LBA:  0                                                   
  End  LBA:      3907008                                             

  OK   _    cancel _            

+-------------------------------------+
Here it is possible to select the direction of recording - to the side
of an increase or decrease LBA,  the step of recording - quantity of sectors, written to the disk for one instruction (on 1 sector or with groups of
256 sectors). Recording on 256 sectors goes considerably more rapid.  Furthermore,  it is indicated
initial and final LBA the written section. On default initial LBA - 0, final - latter LBA screw (it is taken from the passport).

In the process of recording the analysis of the meeting errors is not
carried out.
     Pattern,  written in each sector of disk,  has the following format:

00000000: A5 02 00 00 EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB  e...yyyyyyyyyyyy
00000010: 2A 20 48 44 44 4C 20 2A 00 EB EB EB EB EB EB EB  * HDDL *.yyyyyyy
00000020: EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB  yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
   . . . .
000001F0: EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB  yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
In the first four bytes of sector is written LBA this sector.
Through address 0x10 is located the signature of this program "* HDDL *".
The remaining bytes of sector are filled with code 0xeb.

     It certainly and to hedgehog is understandable, but nevertheless I want again to note, that this procedure erases all user data from the selected region and
substitutes by their pattern.  So that is then late will late regret about the killed gigas-byte of
skachannoy from the Internet pornukhi.


                        6.3. Rapid recording.

     Rapid recording - this not entirely according to the designation the
function Security Erase from the subsystem of the password protection
of screw used.  As studies showed,  during the execution of this instruction the screws carry out
recording into all sectors of disk, in this case bad sectors are revealed and will be brought in into G-
sheet.  Accordingly,  an instruction can be used for the concealment of polokhikh sectors,  in this case the recording occurs much more rapidly,  than by the ordinary instruction 20h,  due to the absence of the transmission of data of cherekh interface. K
to regret,   this possibility is accessible to lobule for the screws,  having
the subsystem of password protection. Older screws so not to process.
     After the call of this function program,   first of all,
password is established on the screw. Password is word "[Profanity]",
augmented by gaps to 32 bytes. Accordingly, in the case of any failures and hoverings the password can be
removed, using the built-in the program control capabilities of password
protection.
     If password is successfully established,  that is caused operation Security Erase. At the end the screw automatically removes password protection. At any moment it is possible to interrupt operation by button ESC.  In this case the program will forcedly remove password from the screw.

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-6 at 06:25 ]

HARDDISK

6.4. Verification of sectors.

     This procedure carries out search and,  possibly,  the restoration
the damaged and dolgochitayushchikhsya sectors of disk. Verification is carried out in LBA- mode,  consequently,  for the screws, not understanding LBA, the procedure
it is not applied - use HDDSPEED.
     Entire procedure is broken into three successive stages for the
purpose of the acceleration of the search for the bad sectors:

1. Verification of the entire region indicated with groups on 256 sectors
and compositions of the list of groups, inside which are discovered the defects.
2. Verification each of group of one sector noted earlier,
   for the development of already kontkretnykh bad sectors, and the composition of the list of bad sectors.
3. Attempt at the restoration of bad sectors.

     Restoration is carried out as follows.  At first sector forcedly is prescribed.  Then it is checked already with the aid of reading.
If the read unit coincides with that recorded,  that it is considered restored. Otherwise is carried out an attempt at forced reassigna of sector with
the aid of instruction format track (50h).  True,
the majority of up-to-date screws this instruction or ignores,  or
the same forced recording of sectors is carried out. But attempt - not torture.
     One should consider, that some sly screws, for example, Seagate U- series,
form makes,  that the sector is hidden,and the pattern recorded in it even honestly returns.  But very rapidly they forget about this and sector again becomes bad.  As is correct to hide sectors on seagate - 4 I cannot say,
I will not thus far dismantle their microprogram. However, it is still in front.
     For obtaining the more reliable result one should disconnect kesh of
recording,  if it there is in screw. To make this is possible with the aid of the instructions of the menu of configuration.
     After the call of instruction the following window is opened:

                              Verification of sectors in LBA   
   
                 Starting LBA:   0
                 Wait Time:  400           [X] include      
                             OK   _    Cancel  _

Here is indicated initial and final LBA the written section.
On default initial LBA - 0, final - latter LBA screw (it is taken from the passport).  Waiting time - this is time in the milliseconds, during which the program will await answer to the instruction of
verification. It is minimal
possible time - 50 ms. If after this time screw does not remove flag BSY,  that is carried out the forced interrupt of instruction with the aid
of signal ATA Reset,  and sector,  on which occurred this event,
it is entered in the list of bad sectors. Thus it is possible to reveal sectors with the long time of access,  which potentially at any moment can become simply bad sectors. One should consider, that information, it is earlier
located in this sector,  with an attempt at the restoration it will be destroyed - so that at
first copy the still read files into another place.
     There are screws,   for example,  many fujitsu,  which after the interrupt of verification on ATA Reset begin to behave
very strangely.
For these cases is provided turning off of checking the time of the
verification of sector by removing galochki "[ X ] to include". In this case the program will await the end of the verification of
sector infinite time, thus far screw itself will not decide to remove flag BSY.


The monitor window of the following form appears after the
installation of all parameters and pushing of knob OK:
                                    Verifying: pass 1   
                   LBA:  532992              Defects:   3
                      Borders LBA              Error Codes   
                      156160 - 156415      Wait time elapsed  
                      232960 - 233215      Wait time elapsed   
                      501248 - 501503      UNC - uncorrected error   
Press ESC to stop         
Here it shows LBA sector,  subjected verification at the present moment,  a quantity of discovered defects,  and also the list of the obtained defective regions and the codes of
errors. The scroller of the list of defects in the process of test does not
work!
     At the end of test in the lower part of the window appear the buttons
"passage 2" and "output".  Now it is possible to examine entire list of the defects (scroller
begins to work), and to also continue test by button "passage 2".
     On the second passage the same monitor window is used, like given above,  only in it already show the specific values LBA of bad sectors.  At the end of passage 2 appear the buttons "to hide" and "output".   Pressure on the button "to hide" starts the procedure of the
concealment of defects, in this case on the screen shows LBA the workable sector, A
also the total quantity of concealed and not concealed sectors.
     Again I want to emphasize, that the procedure of concealment given above is not panacea,  and sector,  which like would be hidden, in reality it can again become bad. Apparently, the general-purpose procedure of the concealment of defects it cannot
exist in principle - it must tie to the concrete family of screws and
use straight recording in G or P- sheet.

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-6 at 06:26 ]

HARDDISK

6.5. Rate of verification in LBA

     This procedure is intended for the visual evaluation of the quality of
the surface of disk by graphing of the time of the verification of
sectors.  Similar procedure is located also in the the known HDDspeed, only there screw was tested in CHS and occurred the limitation of 8Gb. Here screw works in LBA- mode, and there are no limitations to the size of screw.
     After the call of instruction the program places on screen the
following dialog box:

HARDDISK

Here it is possible to indicate LBA beginnings also of the end of the
testiruyemogo section (on default - entire disk, final LBA is taken from the passport). Furthermore,
it is possible to determine the method of the selection of scale
according to the vertical axis of graph (rate of verification) -
automatic or hand. In the automatic mode the program measures the mean time of the
verification of the initial section of the selected region and on the
basis of this number selects mastshtab of graph.
As a rule, measurement is made sufficiently accurately, therefore in the ordinary cases has sense to always use
auto-determination of velocity. Ho
cases occur,   when program erroneously measures the mean time of verification,  as a result of which the graph partially or completely exceeds the
limits of screen.  The mode of the hand input of the assumed maximum time of verification
is provided for these cases.  For this flag "auto-determination" must be removed,   and in the field "max.velocity "to introduce the assumed maximum time of verification in the
megas-byte after pushing of knob OK program begins graphing. On
of horizontal is put aside the position of sector (in the
megas-byte), on the vertical line - time of its verification. For accelerating the work the verification occurs with groups of 256
sectors. The waiting time of the performance of instruction here is not limited
- in this case the dolgochitayushchiyesya sectors appear in the form
of well noticeable failures of graph downward.  The list of defects in this case is not created - for search and
concealment of bad units use a procedure of verification,
described earlier.
     One should especially note,  which the program for measuring the time uses the third channel of
system timer (utilized DOS for calculating the system time),  reprogramming it for the high frequency for increasing the accuracy of
measurement. In connection with the extremely curved realization of timer under
Windows 95 and analogous distributions M$, procedure proved to be inefficient in these "operating systems". Therefore the input into this point of menu will be blocked during the
detection of environment Windows. Program
it is possible to deceive - but normal graph hearth mastdayem you
nevertheless will not see in view of the nonuniformity of the work of
timer. You are loaded into the clean pill box.
     The timer is realized correctly under OS/2, and in pill box- boxing OS/2 program sketches completely correct
graph, as in the clean pill box.
     7. Menu SMART

     In this menu is contained a number of procedures for the work with
sitemoy SMART screw. There are following points:

- "to include"
- "to open"
- "auto-retention..."
-" attributes..."
-" diagnostics..."
-" the periodical of tests "
-" the periodical of errors "
7.1. To includeto open auto-retention.

     With these points everything is understandable without the
commentaries. With their help it is possible to include and to open the work of
system SMART,  and also to solve or to forbid the automatic retention of SMART-
attributes.  One should only consider,  that all instructions of work with SMART,  existing in this menu,
automatically is included work SMART, and they do not turn off at the end of work.


                        7.2. Attributes.

     This procedure shows the list of the values of all attributes SMART,
unscrewed. Window is opened, having the approximately following form:

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-6 at 06:02 ]

HARDDISK

There is nothing new here, all fields are well known according to many other programs,   showing SMART- attributes.  
     ID - identifier (code) of attribute,
     description - interpretation of the code of the attribute (to translate entire base to the Russian language to me it was laziness),
     flags - single-byte flag of attribute,
     value - normalized instantaneous value,
     threshold - smallest possible normalized value,
     RAW - damp absolute value of attribute.

Since normal people usually interests only field RAW, that to the remaining fields it is possible not to turn attention.  The field of worst corrected value (worst) I forgot to put, and I do not see in it special need.
       To shut the window of attributes is possible with button ESC.

                        7.3. Diagnostics.

     It starts the diagnostic procedures SMART. Diagnostics screw can execute in two modes - offline (in the
background, without interfering with basic work screw) and captive (being
completely thrown to the execution of diagnostics.
Program supports only starting in captive- mode.
     Procedure can be executed in two versions - reduced and complete.  Complete procedure occupies much more than time. Program
it waits until the end of diagnostics,  and the code of result is placed on screen.
Further information can be obtained, examining the periodical of tests.

                        7.4. Periodical of tests.

     In the periodical of tests,   if it is supported by screw,  they will be brought in
the results of execution SMART- diagnostics.  Periodical consists of records.
With the call of periodical at the screen appears the current
recording - i.e., recording,
describing the last worked out test. Besides this recording, in the periodical the recordings about the previous tests can be
stored - also it is possible to look them.
     The window of the survey of recording appears approximately thus:

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-6 at 06:05 ]

HARDDISK

By buttons "following" and "previous" it is possible to look the
remaining recordings of periodical. Button OK shuts the window of survey.
     In detail to describe composition pour on the recordings of periodical
4 here I will not be - all this is well described in standard Ata-6.

                        7.4. Periodical of errors.

     The periodical of errors stores information about the last
vstrechennykh spirally errors of input-output.  Like the previous periodical, it consists of records,
moreover the current recording first appears at the screen, containing information about the last vstrechennoy error.
     The window of the survey of recording appears approximately thus:

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-6 at 06:08 ]

HARDDISK

List of five last instructions here is given, executed
spirally before the appearance of error.  Lowest instruction - is instruction,  caused error.  Further is given contents all registers of screw at the moment of the
appearance of error.
     With the aid of the buttons "following" and "previous" it is possible
to look other recordings of periodical. Button OK shuts window.


                         8. Menu of configuration.

     The instructions of this menu are intended for changing the internal
configuration of screw. Menu contains the following points:

- limit LBA
- the level of noise
- the password protection
- the modes of the work of the screw

                        8.1. Limit LBA

     This point of menu is intended for the installation of the maximum LBA
for the screws,  supporting possibility HPA (Host Protected Area). This can be usefully, for example, for trimming of ya0-gigovogo screw to 32 gigas-byte for the purpose to
make friends of it with the old BASIC INPUT-OUTPUT SYSTEM.
Window is opened, having the following form:

HARDDISK

In the field "plant max.  lba "is shown LBA, maximum for this screw (i.e., limited by its physical capacity). In field LBA should be introduced the new value of LBA for limiting
the capacity of screw.  Flag
"temporarily" it shows,  will remain the new border LBA after turning off of the nourishment of
screw.
     Button "on default" enters in field LBA a maximally possible value
(plant LBA).  The installation of such LBA leads to turning off of system HPA and
removal of limitation on LBA.

                        8.2. Level of noise

     With the aid of this procedure it is possible to govern the level of
propeller noise,
supporting AAM (Advanced Acoustic Management). Such screws can decrease the volume of sound of positioning due to
reduction in the productivity (increase in the transit time from the
path to the path) or,  on the contrary, to increase productivity due to an increase in the loudness of
positioning.
     The level of noise is assigned by instruction Set features (EFh) in
the form of single-byte constant,   which can take value of 80h (minimum noise),  FEh (maximum noise) or any intermediate value (average noise).  Accordingly,  window,  discovered on this instruction, it appears as follows:

[ Last edited by HARDDISK on 2005-1-6 at 06:12 ]